JUnit 中最重要的包是 junit.framework,它包含了所有的核心类。一些重要的类如下:
Sr.No. | Class Name | Functionality |
---|---|---|
1 | Assert | A set of assert methods. |
2 | TestCase | A test case defines the fixture to run multiple tests. |
3 | TestResult | A TestResult collects the results of executing a test case. |
4 | TestSuite | A TestSuite is a composite of tests. |
Assert Class
以下是 org.junit.Assert
类的声明
public class Assert extends java.lang.Object
此类提供了一组对编写测试有用的断言方法。仅记录失败的断言。 Assert类的一些重要方法如下:
Sr.No. | Methods & Description |
---|---|
1 | void assertEquals(boolean expected, boolean actual) Checks that two primitives/objects are equal. |
2 | void assertFalse(boolean condition) Checks that a condition is false. |
3 | void assertNotNull(Object object) Checks that an object isn't null. |
4 | void assertNull(Object object) Checks that an object is null. |
5 | void assertTrue(boolean condition) Checks that a condition is true. |
6 | void fail() Fails a test with no message. |
让我们在一个例子中使用上面提到的一些方法。创建一个名为 TestJunit1.java
的 java 类文件
import org.junit.Test;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
public class TestJunit1 {
@Test
public void testAdd() {
//test data
int num = 5;
String temp = null;
String str = "Junit is working fine";
//check for equality
assertEquals("Junit is working fine", str);
//check for false condition
assertFalse(num > 6);
//check for not null value
assertNotNull(temp);
}
}
接下来,创建一个名为 TestRunner1.java
的 java 类文件
import org.junit.runner.JUnitCore;
import org.junit.runner.Result;
import org.junit.runner.notification.Failure;
public class TestRunner1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Result result = JUnitCore.runClasses(TestJunit1.class);
for (Failure failure : result.getFailures()) {
System.out.println(failure.toString());
}
System.out.println(result.wasSuccessful());
}
}
验证输出: true
TestCase Class
以下是 org.junit.TestCase
类的声明
public abstract class TestCase extends Assert implements Test
测试用例定义了运行多个测试的夹具。 TestCase类的一些重要方法如下
Sr.No. | Methods & Description |
---|---|
1 | int countTestCases() Counts the number of test cases executed by run(TestResult result). |
2 | TestResult createResult() Creates a default TestResult object. |
3 | String getName() Gets the name of a TestCase. |
4 | TestResult run() A convenience method to run this test, collecting the results with a default TestResult object. |
5 | void run(TestResult result) Runs the test case and collects the results in TestResult. |
6 | void setName(String name) Sets the name of a TestCase. |
7 | void setUp() Sets up the fixture, for example, open a network connection. |
8 | void tearDown() Tears down the fixture, for example, close a network connection. |
9 | String toString() Returns a string representation of the test case. |
让我们在一个例子中使用上面提到的一些方法。创建一个名为 TestJunit2.java
的 java 类文件
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
public class TestJunit2 extends TestCase {
protected double fValue1;
protected double fValue2;
@Before
public void setUp() {
fValue1 = 2.0;
fValue2 = 3.0;
}
@Test
public void testAdd() {
//count the number of test cases
System.out.println("No of Test Case = "+ this.countTestCases());
//test getName
String name = this.getName();
System.out.println("Test Case Name = "+ name);
//test setName
this.setName("testNewAdd");
String newName = this.getName();
System.out.println("Updated Test Case Name = "+ newName);
}
//tearDown used to close the connection or clean up activities
public void tearDown( ) {
}
}
接下来,创建一个名为 TestRunner2.java
的 java 类文件
import org.junit.runner.JUnitCore;
import org.junit.runner.Result;
import org.junit.runner.notification.Failure;
public class TestRunner2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Result result = JUnitCore.runClasses(TestJunit2.class);
for (Failure failure : result.getFailures()) {
System.out.println(failure.toString());
}
System.out.println(result.wasSuccessful());
}
}
验证输出
No of Test Case = 1
Test Case Name = testAdd
Updated Test Case Name = testNewAdd
true
TestResult Class
以下是 org.junit.TestResult
类的声明
public class TestResult extends Object
TestResult 收集执行测试用例的结果。它是收集参数模式的一个实例。测试框架区分失败和错误。预期会发生故障并使用断言进行检查。错误是预料之外的问题,例如 ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
。TestResult类的一些重要方法如下:
Sr.No. | Methods & Description |
---|---|
1 | void addError(Test test, Throwable t) Adds an error to the list of errors. |
2 | void addFailure(Test test, AssertionFailedError t) Adds a failure to the list of failures. |
3 | void endTest(Test test) Informs the result that a test was completed. |
4 | int errorCount() Gets the number of detected errors. |
5 | Enumeration<TestFailure> errors() Returns an Enumeration for the errors. |
6 | int failureCount() Gets the number of detected failures. |
7 | void run(TestCase test) Runs a TestCase. |
8 | int runCount() Gets the number of run tests. |
9 | void startTest(Test test) Informs the result that a test will be started. |
10 | void stop() Marks that the test run should stop. |
创建一个名为 TestJunit3.java
的 java 类文件
import org.junit.Test;
import junit.framework.AssertionFailedError;
import junit.framework.TestResult;
public class TestJunit3 extends TestResult {
// add the error
public synchronized void addError(Test test, Throwable t) {
super.addError((junit.framework.Test) test, t);
}
// add the failure
public synchronized void addFailure(Test test, AssertionFailedError t) {
super.addFailure((junit.framework.Test) test, t);
}
@Test
public void testAdd() {
// add any test
}
// Marks that the test run should stop.
public synchronized void stop() {
//stop the test here
}
}
接下来,创建一个名为 TestRunner3.java
的 java 类文件
import org.junit.runner.JUnitCore;
import org.junit.runner.Result;
import org.junit.runner.notification.Failure;
public class TestRunner3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Result result = JUnitCore.runClasses(TestJunit3.class);
for (Failure failure : result.getFailures()) {
System.out.println(failure.toString());
}
System.out.println(result.wasSuccessful());
}
}
TestSuite Class
以下是 org.junit.TestSuite 类的声明:
public class TestSuite extends Object implements Test
TestSuite 是测试的组合。它运行一组测试用例。 TestSuite类的一些重要方法如下
Sr.No. | Methods & Description |
---|---|
1 | void addTest(Test test) Adds a test to the suite. |
2 | void addTestSuite(Class<? extends TestCase> testClass) Adds the tests from the given class to the suite. |
3 | int countTestCases() Counts the number of test cases that will be run by this test. |
4 | String getName() Returns the name of the suite. |
5 | void run(TestResult result) Runs the tests and collects their result in a TestResult. |
6 | void setName(String name) Sets the name of the suite. |
7 | Test testAt(int index) Returns the test at the given index. |
8 | int testCount() Returns the number of tests in this suite. |
9 | static Test warning(String message) Returns a test which will fail and log a warning message. |
创建一个名为 JunitTestSuite.java
的 java 类文件
import junit.framework.*;
public class JunitTestSuite {
public static void main(String[] a) {
// add the test's in the suite
TestSuite suite = new TestSuite(TestJunit1.class, TestJunit2.class, TestJunit3.class );
TestResult result = new TestResult();
suite.run(result);
System.out.println("Number of test cases = " + result.runCount());
}
}
验证输出
No of Test Case = 1
Test Case Name = testAdd
Updated Test Case Name = testNewAdd
Number of test cases = 3
总结
简单介绍了JUnit框架中四个最重要的API,同时需要理解的是,这些API体现了JUnit中最重要的四个基本概念:测试用例,测试集,测试断言和测试结果。以后的所有的一些高级概念都是这些基本概念的组合和深化。